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2023

Motor classification

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1. A picture explains the basic types of motors

2. DC motor-brush motor

Those who have read high school physics all know that in order to study the stress of the energized conductor on the magnetic field, we have trained our left hand into a broken palm, which is also the principle of DC motor.

All motors are composed of a stator and a rotor. In a DC motor, in order to make the rotor rotate, the direction of the current needs to be continuously changed, otherwise the rotor can only rotate half a turn, which is like a bicycle pedal.

Therefore, DC motors need commutators.

Generalized DC motors include brushed motors and brushless motors.

Brush motor is also called DC motor or carbon brush motor. It is often said that DC motor refers to brush DC motor. It adopts mechanical commutation, the external magnetic pole does not move, the internal coil (armature) moves, the commutator and the rotor coil rotate together, the brush and the magnet do not move, so the commutator and the brush rub and rub to complete the switching of the current direction. (video portal).

brush motor shortcomings:

1. Sparks generated by mechanical commutation cause friction between commutator and brush, electromagnetic interference, high noise and short life.

2, poor reliability, many faults, need frequent maintenance.

3. Due to the existence of the commutator, the inertia of the rotor is limited, the maximum speed is limited, and the dynamic performance is affected.

Since it has so many shortcomings, why is it still widely used, because it has high torque, simple structure, easy maintenance (ie replacement of carbon brushes), and cheap.

2. DC motor-brushless motor

Brushless motors are also called DC variable frequency motors (BLDC) in some fields. They use electronic commutation (Hall sensor), and the coil (armature) does not move magnetic poles. At this time, the permanent magnet can be outside the coil or inside the coil., So there is an outer rotor brushless motor and an inner rotor brushless motor.